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HEADLINES
A daily history game

Money and markets

Money and markets in five headlines

Five real newspaper headlines about money and markets, printed between 1901 and 2021, with their dates removed. Read each one and guess the year it was published. No multiple choice and no trivia questions, just the headline as it was printed.

There are 5 rounds of five in this topic, and a new one appears whenever the archive has enough for it.

Headline one

J.P. Morgan creates US Steel — world's first billion-dollar corporation formed

The New York Times

Reveal the year

1901

J.P. Morgan completed the purchase and merger of Andrew Carnegie's steel empire with other companies to form United States Steel Corporation on March 2, 1901, capitalised at $1.4 billion — making it the world's first billion-dollar corporation. The deal shocked even Wall Street with its scale. US Steel controlled 67% of America's steel production and its creation marked the arrival of a new age of corporate capitalism.

Headline two

Apple goes public: share offer creates instant millionaires in most eagerly awaited stock launch of the year

San Jose Mercury News

Reveal the year

1980

Apple Computer Company went public on 12 December 1980 in one of the most successful initial public offerings in Wall Street history to that date. At $22 per share, the IPO raised $101 million and created more instant millionaires than any IPO since the Ford Motor Company's float in 1956. It valued the company founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in a California garage just four years earlier at nearly $1.8 billion.

Headline three

Britain's oldest merchant bank collapses after rogue trader loses £860 million

The Financial Times

Reveal the year

1995

Barings Bank, Britain's oldest merchant bank and banker to the Queen, collapsed on 26 February 1995 after Singapore-based trader Nick Leeson accumulated losses of £827 million through unauthorised speculative trading in futures contracts. Leeson fled Singapore before the collapse was discovered and was later arrested in Germany. He served four years of a six-and-a-half-year sentence in a Singapore jail.

Headline four

Madoff arrested: Wall Street legend confesses to £40 billion fraud in history's biggest Ponzi scheme

The Wall Street Journal

Reveal the year

2008

Bernie Madoff, a former chairman of the NASDAQ stock exchange and one of Wall Street's most respected figures, was arrested on 11 December 2008 after confessing to running a Ponzi scheme estimated to have defrauded clients of up to $65 billion. His victims included charities, pension funds, banks and individual investors around the world. Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison, dying there in 2021.

Headline five

GameStop frenzy: Reddit traders send shares up 1,700 per cent and squeeze Wall Street hedge funds

The Wall Street Journal

Reveal the year

2021

Shares of video game retailer GameStop surged by approximately 1,700 per cent in January 2021, driven by coordinated buying from retail investors on the Reddit forum WallStreetBets. The frenzy caused catastrophic losses for hedge funds that had heavily shorted the stock, most notably Melvin Capital. The episode prompted congressional hearings and intense debate about market manipulation, democratisation of finance, and the power of social media.

Answer the five above to see your score.

Scoring works as it does in the daily game. Each headline is worth up to 100 points, and you lose two points for every year you are out. Being a decade wrong still earns you 80. A perfect round is 500.

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